Micro-kuyungurura (MF)
Kurungurura neza biri hagati ya 0.1 na 50 microne.Micro-iyungurura ikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye bya PP muyunguruzi, ibintu bya karubone ikora, ceramic filter, nibindi nibindi.Kuraho ibintu biteye akaga mumazi, nka mikorobe.Akayunguruzo Ikintu ntigishobora gukaraba kandi nikintu kimwe cyo kuyungurura kigomba gusimburwa muburyo busanzwe.
①PP yibyingenzi: mubisanzwe bikoreshwa gusa muyungurura ruto hamwe nibisabwa bike kugirango ukureho ibice binini nkibimera hamwe ningese mumazi.
Carbone ikora karubone: Irashobora gukuraho amabara n'impumuro zitandukanye mumazi, ariko ntishobora gukuraho bagiteri mumazi, kandi ingaruka zo gukuraho imyanda n'ingese nabyo ni bibi cyane.
③Ibikoresho byo muyunguruzi: Intungamubiri ntoya ni micron 0.1 gusa, kandi umuvuduko wikigereranyo ni gito, ntabwo byoroshye kuyisukura.
Ultra-kuyungurura Membrane (UF)
Microporous filter filter ifite ubunini bwa pore ingana na 0.001-0.02 microne hamwe nubunini bwa pore.Ultra-filteri ya membrane iyungurura ni inzira yo kuyungurura ikoresha Ultra-kuyungurura hamwe nibitandukaniro ryumuvuduko nkimbaraga zo gutwara.Ubwinshi bwa ultrafiltration membrane bwubatswe muri fibre acetate cyangwa ibikoresho bya polymer bifite ibimenyetso bisa.Birakwiriye gutandukana no kwibanda kumuti mubisubizo byokuvura, kandi biranakoreshwa mugutandukanya ihagarikwa rya colloidal bigoye kurangiza ukoresheje ubundi buryo bwo gutandukana, kandi domaine zayo zikomeza kwiyongera.
Membrane ultrafiltration ishingiye ku itandukaniro ryumuvuduko ishyizwe mubwoko butatu: ultrafiltration membrane filtration, microporous membrane filtration, hamwe na osmose membrane iyungurura.Bitandukanijwe nubunini buke cyangwa uburemere bwa molekuline ishobora gukomeza.Iyo ibipimo bya pore byapimwe bya membrane bikoreshwa nkibipimo bitandukanya, microporome membrane (MF) ifite ubunini bwa pore ingana na 0.02-10 m, ultra-filtration membrane (UF) ifite ubunini bwa pore ingana na 0.001 -0.02 m, hamwe na osmose ihindagurika (RO) ifite ubunini bwa pore ingana na 0.0001-0.001 m.Hano haribintu byinshi bigenzura kuri pore, nka ultra-filtration membrane ifite ubunini butandukanye bwa pore, kandi ingano ya pore irashobora kubyara hashingiwe kubwoko no guhuriza hamwe igisubizo, kimwe no guhumeka hamwe na coagulation mugihe cyo kubyara.
Ikarita yumubiri
Ultra-filteri yibisanzwe nibisanzwe bitandukanya polymer, hamwe nibikoresho bya polymer bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya ultra-filtration ahanini bigizwe nibikomoka kuri selile, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, na polyakarubone.Ultra-filtration membrane ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya farumasi, ibiryo, ninganda zidukikije, kandi birashobora kubumbabumbwa, ibizunguruka, ibibyimba, cyangwa fibre fibre.
Ultra-filtration membrane yari imwe mubintu bya mbere byo gutandukanya polymer byavumbuwe, kandi imashini ya ultra-filtration yakozwe mu myaka ya za 1960.Ultrafiltration membrane ikoreshwa cyane munganda kandi byagaragaye nkigikorwa gishya cyimiti.Ikoreshwa mugutandukanya, kwibanda, no kweza ibicuruzwa biologiya, ibicuruzwa bya farumasi, nibiribwa, hamwe nibikoresho byo gutunganya amaraso mugutunganya amaraso, gutunganya amazi mabi, no gutegura amazi ya ultrapure.
Akayunguruzo ka nanofiltration (NF) kari hagati ya ultrafiltration niy'inyuma ya osmose, kandi igipimo cya desalination kiri munsi yicy'inyuma ya osmose.Ku isoko, wasangaga abantu benshi bavuga ngo: nanofiltration ni sloppy revers osmose.Mubyukuri, iki ni igitekerezo cya tekiniki.
Ikarita ifatika ya nanofiltration
Mubitekerezo nyabyo byo gutandukana, nanofiltration ni filteri ya membrane ihaza ingaruka za Daunan kandi ikagira ion yanga, membrane ifite sodium ya chloride ya sodium igereranywa na sodium ya chloride kandi ikarenga 0.4.Ibikorwa byibanze byibanze ni desalination hamwe nubunini bwamazi atandukanye.0% NaCl kwangwa byagaragaye ukoresheje nanofiltration membrane kuri 30.000 ppm NaCl ihujwe nizindi ion.
Reverse osmose (RO): Ukuyungurura neza ni microne 0.0001, kandi ni uburyo bwo gutandukanya ultr-high-precision membrane itandukanya muri Amerika mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 ikoresha igitutu gitandukanye.Irashobora kuyungurura ibintu byose byanduye (byangiza kandi bifasha) mumazi, hasigara molekile zamazi gusa.Mubihe byinshi, ikoreshwa mugukora amazi meza, amazi ya ultrapure yinganda, namazi yubuvuzi.Imbaraga ningufu zirakenewe muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya osmose.
RO ni impfunyapfunyo ya Reverse Osmose membrane mucyongereza.Kubera ko ingano ya pore ya RO ari miriyoni eshanu zumusatsi (microne 0.0001), mubisanzwe ntabwo igaragara mumaso, na bagiteri na virusi ni 5000 yayo Kubwibyo, gusa molekules zamazi na ion zimwe na zimwe zifasha umubiri wumuntu. irashobora kunyura, nibindi byanduye hamwe nibyuma biremereye bisohoka mumiyoboro y'amazi.
Ihame rya revers osmose:
Mbere na mbere, tugomba gusobanukirwa igitekerezo cya "osmose."Osmose ni inzira yumubiri.Iyo ubwoko bubiri bwamazi afite imyunyu itandukanye itandukanijwe, nka barrière ya kimwe cya kabiri, amazi kuruhande hamwe n'umunyu muke uzaboneka.Ibibyimba byinjira mumazi birimo umunyu mwinshi, ariko umunyu ntucengera, bigatuma umunyu mwinshi kumpande zombi ugenda uhinduka buhoro buhoro kugeza bingana.Ariko, bisaba igihe kirekire kugirango urangize iki gikorwa, kizwi kandi nkumuvuduko wa osmotic.
Hindura ikarita yumubiri
Ariko, niba ugerageje gushyira igitutu kuruhande rwamazi arimo umunyu mwinshi, ingaruka zirashobora kandi kugabanya kwinjirira hejuru, kandi uyu muvuduko uzwi nkumuvuduko wa osmotic.Niba igitutu kizamutse, gucengera birashobora guhinduka, kandi umunyu ukagumaho.Nkigisubizo, ihame ryo guhinduranya osmose ni ugukoresha umuvuduko urenze umuvuduko wa osmotique usanzwe mumazi yumunyu (nkamazi meza), kugirango osmose ikomeze muburyo bunyuranye, kandi molekules zamazi mumazi mbisi zirakanda. kurundi ruhande rwa membrane, bikavamo amazi meza, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gukuraho umwanda n umunyu mumazi.
Inkomoko ya RO revers osmose:
Umuhanga w’umunyamerika, wabonetse ku bw'impanuka mu 1950 ko inyoni zo mu nyanja zanyoye umunwa munini w’inyanja hejuru y’inyanja igihe ziguruka mu nyanja.Barutse umunwa muto wamazi yinyanja nyuma yamasegonda make, bitera impungenge kuko inyamaswa zo ku butaka zihumeka binyuze mu bihaha.Amazi yumunyu mwinshi ntashobora gukoreshwa.Nyuma yo gutandukana, byavumbuwe ko umubiri winyoni ufite igicucu gito.Filime rwose.Inyanja ihumeka amazi yumunyu, hanyuma igahagarikwa, kandi molekile zamazi zinyura muri firime kubera ingaruka zumuvuduko.
Ihindurwamo amazi meza, kandi umwanda hamwe numunyu mwinshi cyane mumazi yinyanja biracibwa mumunwa.Ubu ni bwo shimikiro shingiro ryibikorwa bya osmose ihindagurika, yakoreshejwe bwa mbere mubikoresho byo kwisiga mu 1953 na kaminuza ya Florida.Dr.S.Sidney Lode, umwarimu w’ishuri rikuru ry’ubuvuzi rya UCLA, yafatanije na Dr.S.Soirirajan gutangira ubushakashatsi kuri membrane osmose mu 2009, babifashijwemo n’umushinga wa leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, maze bashora hafi miliyoni 400 z’amadolari y’Amerika kuri buri muntu. umwaka mubushakashatsi bwo kubishyira mubikorwa byogukora icyogajuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-31-2022