Ukuqonda igama elithi Reverse Osmosis, kufuneka sijonge emva kwimbali yeOsmosis kwicandelo lesayensi.Inkqubo ye-Osmosis, inembali ende kodwa ngokwembono yesayensi, yafunyanwa okokuqala ngo-1748 nguJeanAntoine Nollet.I-Nollet ikwazile ukuphinda-phinda inkqubo ye-osmotic isebenzisa isinyi sehagu njengenwebu ukubonisa ukuba iimolekyuli ezinyibilikayo ezisuka kumanzi anyibilike kancinci zinokuqukuqela kudonga lwesinyi kugxininiso oluphezulu lwesolute.Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba i-solvent inokukhetha ukuwela i-membrane e-semipermeable ngenkqubo yoxinzelelo lwendalo lwe-osmotic kwaye i-solvent iqhubeka ingena kwi-membrane yeseli ide ifikelele kwi-equilibrium eguquguqukayo kumacala omabini eseli.
Emva kokufunyanwa kwe-osmosis, uphononongo malunga nalo mbandela lwanyamalala ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-200 de kwasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1940, xa abaphandi baqala ukuphinda bawuqwalasele lo mbandela.Lo mdla uhlaziyiweyo wawusekelwe kumnqweno wokufumana indlela yokuhluza okanye ukukhupha ityuwa emanzini olwandle, injongo ebekwe ngulawulo lukaKennedy ukunceda ukuphuhlisa izisombululo zokunqongophala kwamanzi kweli lizwe.Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, abaphandi ababini, uSidney Loeb kunye noSrinivasa Sourirajan baphumelele ukuvelisa inwebu esebenzayo yokwenziwa kwe-RO kwipolymer ye-cellulose acetate.Kwiimvavanyo zabo, umzimba wamanzi onomxholo ophezulu we-solute wanyanzeliswa nge-membrane yobugcisa esebenza njengesihlunu esivumela kuphela i-molecule yamanzi ukuba idlule ngelixa igxotha i-NaCl (ityuwa) kunye ne-TDS.Amanzi ahlambulukileyo akwazi ukudlula kwinqanaba elihloniphekileyo ukuvelisa amanzi ahlambulukileyo, ahlambulukileyo, kwaye i-membrane yayihlala ixesha elide kwaye inokusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza.
Isityalo sokuqala se-RO sorhwebo sehlabathi sakhiwe eCalifornia ngoncedo kunye nolwalathiso lukaJoseph W. McCutchan kunye noSidney Loeb kwaye ngo-1965 inkqubo yokulinga yayo yatsalela ingqalelo yeenjineli kunye noorhulumente abavela kwihlabathi jikelele.Eli phupha lingakholelekiyo, lokuba ngenye imini uluntu lunokukhupha ityuwa kumanzi olwandle ngomlinganiselo omkhulu nangokufikelelekayo, ekugqibeleni lazaliseka.Inkqubela phambili ikhule ngokukhawuleza njengoko iinkqubo ezintsha zokulinga zavela kwenye indawo njengeLa Jolla kunye neFirebaugh California ukuvavanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi anebrackish kunye nolwandle.Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokufunyaniswa kwezi kunye nabanye abaninzi abanegalelo kuya kwenza itekhnoloji ye-membrane isebenze kwaye ifikeleleke kwaye ibonelele ngezibonelelo zamanzi acocekileyo kumashishini amaninzi anzima.
Namhlanje, i-osmosis ebuyela umva kunye nezinto zokuhluza i-membrane zisetyenziselwa amawaka eenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye eli shishini kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke likhula ngokuqhubekayo kwixesha elizayo elingekude.Njengoko imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo endalo inqaba ngakumbi kunye nendlela eqhubekayo yokukhula kwehlabathi njengentlango, iindawo ezinkulu zokulungisa i-osmosis ngoku zibonelela ngamanzi acocekileyo asetyenziswa zezinye izixeko kunye namazwe amancinci.Uninzi lwabantu aluyiqondi ngoku, kodwa kungekudala amanzi acocekileyo anokuthi abe yenye yezona zixhobo zixabisekileyo emhlabeni, yiyo loo nto iteknoloji ye-RO ngenene yenye yeempumelelo zenzululwazi kwimbali yoluntu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-02-2021