Uhluzo oluncinci (MF)
Ukuchaneka kokucoca kuphakathi kwe-0.1 kunye ne-50 microns.Uhluzo lwe-Micro lubandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo zokucoca i-PP, izakhi zokucoca i-carbon esebenzayo, i-ceramic filter elements, njalo njalo.Isusa izinto ezinobungozi emanzini, njengezinto ezincinci.Into yokucoca ayisoloko ihlambeka kwaye sisixhobo sokucoca ixesha elinye ekufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo.
①PP Undoqo womqhaphu: usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphela ukuhluza okurhabaxa kunye neemfuno ezisezantsi zokususa amasuntswana amakhulu anje ngentlenga kunye nomhlwa emanzini.
②Ikhabhoni esebenzayo: Inokuphelisa imibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nevumba emanzini, kodwa ayikwazi ukususa ibhaktheriya emanzini, kwaye umphumo wokususwa kwentlenga kunye nomhlwa nawo ubi kakhulu.
③Icebo lokucoca iCeramic: Ukuchaneka okuncinci kokucoca yi-0.1 micron kuphela, kwaye isantya sokuhamba sihlala sincinci, okungekho lula ukusicoca.
I-Ultra-filtration Membrane (UF)
I-membrane yokucoca i-microporous inomlinganiselo olinganisiweyo we-pore we-microns we-0.001-0.02 kunye nemigangatho yobukhulu obufanayo.I-Ultra-filtration membrane filtration yinkqubo yokucoca i-membrane esebenzisa i-membrane yokucoca i-Ultra-filtration umahluko woxinzelelo njengamandla okuqhuba.Uninzi lweembrane ze-ultrafiltration zakhiwe ngeefiber ze-acetate okanye izinto zepolymer ezineempawu ezifanayo.Kufanelekile ukuhlukana kunye nokugxininiswa kwe-solutes kwizisombululo zonyango, kwaye iphinda isetyenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuhlukana kwe-colloidal suspensions okunzima ukugqiba ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokwahlula, kwaye imimandla yesicelo sayo ikhula ngokuqhubekayo.
I-Membrane ultrafiltration esekelwe kumahluko woxinzelelo ihlelwa kwiintlobo ezintathu: i-ultrafiltration membrane filtration, i-microporous membrane filtration, kunye ne-reverse osmosis filtration.Ziyahlula ngobungakanani beqhekeza elincinci okanye ubunzima bemolekyuli ukuba i-membrane layer inokugcina.Xa ubungakanani bobungakanani bepore obulinganisiweyo benwebu busetyenziswa njengomgangatho wokuhlukanisa, i-membrane ye-microporous (MF) inomlinganiselo we-pore olinganisiweyo we-0.02-10 m, i-ultra-filtration membrane (UF) inomlinganiselo olinganisiweyo we-pore we-0.001 -0.02 m, kunye ne-reverse osmosis membrane (RO) inomlinganiselo we-pore olinganisiweyo we-0.0001-0.001 m.Kukho izinto ezininzi zokulawula ii-pores, ezinje nge-ultra-filtration membranes ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo bepore, kunye nokuhanjiswa kobungakanani bepore kunokuveliswa ngokusekwe kuhlobo kunye nokuxinana kwesisombululo, kunye nokuphuma komphunga kunye neemeko zokuhlangana ngexesha lemveliso ye-membrane.
Ukuhluza kakhulu imephu ebonakalayo
Iimbrane zokucoca ngeUltra-zidla ngokuba ziimembrane zokwahlula i-polymer, ezinemathiriyeli yepolymer ezisetyenziselwa i-ultra-filtration membranes ubukhulu becala ziquka izinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose, i-polysulfone, i-polyacrylonitrile, i-polyamide, kunye ne-polycarbonate.I-Ultra-filtration membranes isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumayeza, kukutya, nakumashishini okusingqongileyo, kwaye inokwakheka ibe ziimbumba ezisicaba, ii-roll membranes, i-tubular membranes, okanye i-fiber membranes engenanto.
I-membrane yokucoca i-ultra-filtration yayiyenye yeembrane zokuqala zokwahlula i-polymer eziza kuveliswa, kunye noomatshini bokucoca be-ultra-filtration benziwa ngo-1960.Iimbumba ze-Ultrafiltration zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini kwaye ziye zavela njengeyunithi entsha yokusebenza kweekhemikhali.Isetyenziselwa ukwahlula, ukugxininiswa, kunye nokuhlanjululwa kweemveliso zebhayoloji, iimpahla zamachiza, kunye nezinto zokutya, kunye nezixhobo zonyango lwe-terminal kunyango lwegazi, unyango lwamanzi amdaka, kunye nokulungiswa kwamanzi e-ultrapur.
Ukuchaneka kokucoca kwe-nanofiltration (NF) kuphakathi kwe-ultrafiltration kunye ne-osmosis ebuyela umva, kwaye izinga lokukhupha ityuwa lingaphantsi kunelo lokubuyela umva i-osmosis.Kwimarike, kwakukho intetho ebanzi: i-nanofiltration yi-sloppy reverse osmosis.Ngokwenene, le yingcamango yobugcisa ekhohlisayo.
Imephu ebonakalayo ye-nanofiltration
Kwingcamango yokwahlula okwenyani, i-nanofiltration yi-membrane yokucoca eyanelisa umphumo we-Daunan kwaye inokukhethwa kwe-ion ekhethiweyo, i-membrane ene-sodium chloride permeability ilingana ne-concentration ye-sodium chloride kwaye ingaphezulu kwe-0.4.Usetyenziso lwayo oluphambili kukukhupha ityuwa kunye nokuxinana kolwelo olwahlukeneyo lwegalelo.I-0% yokwenqatshwa kwe-NaCl ibonwe kusetyenziswa i-nanofiltration membranes kwi-30,000 ppm i-NaCl edibeneyo kunye nezinye i-ion.
Reverse osmosis (RO): Ukuchaneka kokucoca kujikeleze i-0.0001 microns, kwaye yindlela yokwahlula i-membrane ephezulu kakhulu-echanekileyo eyaphuhliswa e-United States ekuqaleni kwe-1960 isebenzisa uxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo.Inokuhluza zonke izinto ezingcolisayo (zombini eziyingozi kwaye ziluncedo) emanzini, zishiya iimolekyuli zamanzi kuphela.Kwiimeko ezininzi, isetyenziswa ekuveliseni amanzi acocekileyo, amanzi angaphezulu kwemveliso, kunye namanzi ezonyango.Uxinzelelo kunye namandla ziyafuneka kwitekhnoloji ye-osmosis eguqukayo.
RO sisishunqulelo seReverse Osmosis inwebu ngesiNgesi.Ekubeni ubukhulu bepore ye-RO inwebu zizigidi ezihlanu zeenwele (0.0001 microns), ngokuqhelekileyo zingabonakali ngeso lenyama, kwaye iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ziyi-5000 ngoko ke, iimolekyuli zamanzi kuphela kunye nezinye ii-ion zamaminerali eziluncedo kumzimba womntu. inokudlula, kunye nokunye ukungcola kunye neentsimbi ezinzima zikhutshwa kumbhobho wamanzi amdaka.
Umgaqo we-osmosis ebuyela umva:
Okokuqala, kufuneka siqonde ingcamango ye "osmosis".I-Osmosis yinkqubo yomzimba.Xa iindidi ezimbini zamanzi aneetyuwa ezahlukeneyo zahluliwe, ezifana nesithintelo esingena lula, amanzi akwicala elinetyuwa encinci aya kufunyanwa ukuba agqobhoze.I-membrane ingena emanzini kunye netyuwa ephezulu, kodwa ityuwa ayifaki, ibangela ukuba ityuwa kumacala omabini idibanise ngokuqhubekayo de ilingane.Nangona kunjalo, kuthatha ixesha elide ukugqiba le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-osmotic pressure.
Reverse imephu ye-osmosis ebonakalayo
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uzama ukubeka uxinzelelo kwicala lamanzi kunye nesiqulatho esikhulu setyuwa, isiphumo sinokunciphisa ukungenwa okukhankanywe ngasentla, kwaye olu xinzelelo lwaziwa njengoxinzelelo lwe-osmotic.Ukuba uxinzelelo luphakanyisiwe, ukungena ngaphakathi kunokuguqulwa, kwaye ityuwa iya kuhlala.Ngenxa yoko, umgaqo wokubuyisela i-osmosis desalination kukusebenzisa uxinzelelo olukhulu kunoxinzelelo lwendalo lwe-osmotic kumanzi anetyuwa (njengamanzi akrwada), ukuze i-osmosis iqhubeke kwelinye icala, kwaye iimolekyuli zamanzi kumanzi akrwada zicinezelwe. ukuya kwelinye icala le-membrane, okubangela amanzi acocekileyo, ukwenzela ukufezekisa injongo yokususa ukungcola kunye neetyuwa emanzini.
Imvelaphi ye-RO reverse osmosis:
Isazinzulu saseMerika, esafunyanwa ngengozi ngowe-1950 ukuba amangabangaba afunxa umlomo omkhulu wamanzi olwandle phezu kolwandle xa ebhabha elwandle.Bagabha intwana yamanzi olwandle emva kwemizuzwana embalwa, nto leyo yabangela inkxalabo kuba izilwanyana ezisemhlabeni ziphefumla ngemiphunga yazo.Amanzi anetyuwa eninzi akanakutyiwa.Emva kokuqhekeka, kwafunyaniswa ukuba umzimba wengabangaba unomaleko obhityileyo.Ifilimu ichanekile ngokwenene.I-seagull ikhupha amanzi etyuwa, athi emva koko axinzelelwe, kwaye iimolekyuli zamanzi zidlula kwifilimu ngenxa yempembelelo yoxinzelelo.
Ijikwa ibe ngamanzi amatsha, kwaye izinto ezingcolisayo kunye netyuwa exinene kakhulu kumanzi olwandle ziyatshicelwa ziphume emlonyeni.Le yeyona theory isisiseko yenkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva, eyathi yasetyenziswa okokuqala kwizixhobo zokukhupha ityuwa ngo-1953 yiYunivesithi yaseFlorida.Dr.S.Sidney Lode, UCLA University School of Medicine unjingalwazi, usebenzisane Dr.S.Soirirajan ukuqalisa uphando reverse osmosis inwebu ngo-2009, ngenkxaso yeprojekthi karhulumente federal US, kwaye utyale malunga $400 yezigidi zeerandi US nganye. unyaka kuphando lokuyisebenzisa koosomajukujuku.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-31-2022