ʻO ka kānana liʻiliʻi (MF)
Aia ka pololei kānana ma waena o 0.1 a me 50 microns.Hoʻokomo ʻia ka micro-filtration i nā mea kānana PP like ʻole, nā mea kānana kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia, nā mea kānana ceramic, a pēlā aku.Wehe i nā mea ʻino mai ka wai, e like me nā microorganism.ʻAʻole hiki ke holoi pinepine ʻia ka mea kānana a he mea kānana hoʻokahi manawa pono e hoʻololi ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa.
①PP pulupulu kumu: hoʻohana wale ʻia no ka kānana koʻikoʻi me nā koi haʻahaʻa e wehe i nā mea nui e like me ka sediment a me ka ʻōpala i ka wai.
②Activated carbon: Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole a me nā mea ʻala i ka wai, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke wehe i ka bacteria i loko o ka wai, a ʻo ka hopena o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka sediment a me ka ʻōpala he ʻilihune loa.
③Elemu kānana Ceramic: ʻO ka filtration precision liʻiliʻi he 0.1 micron wale nō, a he liʻiliʻi ke kahe kahe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Membrane kānana ultra (UF)
Loaʻa i kahi membrane kānana microporous ka nui o ka nui o ka pore o 0.001-0.02 microns a me nā kūlana nui o ka pore.ʻO ka kānana membrane Ultra-filtration kahi kaʻina kānana membrane e hoʻohana ana i kahi membrane Ultra-filtration me ka ʻokoʻa puʻe e like me ka ikaika hoʻokele.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā membrane ultrafiltration i kūkulu ʻia me nā fibers acetate a i ʻole nā mea polymer me nā ʻano like.He kūpono ia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā solutes i nā hoʻonā lapaʻau, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā colloidal suspensions i paʻakikī ke hoʻopau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe, a ke ulu mau nei kāna mau kikowaena noi.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ultrafiltration membrane e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa puʻe i ʻekolu mau ʻano: ka kānana membrane ultrafiltration, kānana membrane microporous, a me ka kānana membrane reverse osmosis.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke kaumaha molekala i mālama ʻia e ka papa membrane.Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o ka pore nui o ka membrane e like me ka maʻamau ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka microporous membrane (MF) i helu ʻia ka nui pore nui o 0.02-10 m, ʻo ka ultra-filtration membrane (UF) i helu ʻia ka nui pore nui o 0.001 -0.02 m, a me ka reverse osmosis membrane (RO) i helu 'ia ka nui pore nui o 0.0001-0.001 m.Aia kekahi mau mea hoʻomalu no nā pores, e like me ka ultra-filtration membranes me nā ʻano nui o ka pore, a hiki ke hoʻohua ʻia ka nui o ka pore ma muli o ke ʻano a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka hopena, a me nā kūlana evaporation a me ka coagulation i ka wā o ka hana membrane.
ʻO ka palapala ʻāina kino ultra-filtration
ʻO nā membranes Ultra-filtration ka mea maʻamau i ka polymer separation membranes, me nā mea polymer i hoʻohana ʻia no nā membrane ultra-filtration ka hapa nui o nā derivatives cellulose, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, a me ka polycarbonate.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā membrane ultra-filtration i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai, a me nā ʻoihana kaiapuni, a hiki ke hana ʻia i mau membrane palahalaha, ʻōwili membrane, tubular membranes, a i ʻole hollow fiber membranes.
ʻO ka membrane ultra-filtration kekahi o nā membrane hoʻokaʻawale polymer mua i hana ʻia, a ua hana ʻia nā mīkini ultra-filtration i nā makahiki 1960.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā membrane Ultrafiltration i ka ʻoihana a ua puka mai ma ke ʻano he hana kemika hou.Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā huahana biological, pharmaceutical goods, a me nā meaʻai, a me nā mea lapaʻau terminal i ka mālama koko, ka wai ʻino, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka wai ultrapure.
ʻO ka pololei kānana o ka nanofiltration (NF) aia ma waena o ka ultrafiltration a me ka osmosis hoʻohuli, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka desalination ma mua o ka osmosis reverse.Ma ka mākeke, aia ka ʻōlelo ākea: ʻo ka nanofiltration he sloppy reverse osmosis.ʻOiaʻiʻo, he manaʻo loea hoʻopunipuni kēia.
Palapala kino o ka nanofiltration
Ma ka manaʻo hoʻokaʻawale maoli, ʻo ka nanofiltration kahi membrane kānana e hoʻopiha i ka hopena Daunan a loaʻa i ka ion rejection koho, he membrane nona ka sodium chloride permeability i kūlike me ka sodium chloride concentration a ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.4.ʻO kāna mau noi mua ʻo ka desalination a me ka ʻike ʻana o nā wai hoʻokomo like ʻole.ʻIke ʻia ka hōʻole ʻana o NaCl me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā membrane nanofiltration ma 30,000 ppm NaCl i hui pū ʻia me nā ion ʻē aʻe.
Reverse osmosis (RO): ʻO ka pololei kānana ma kahi o 0.0001 microns, a he hana hoʻokaʻawale membrane ultra-high-precision i kūkulu ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1960 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaomi ʻokoʻa.Hiki iā ia ke kānana i nā mea haumia a pau (nā mea ʻino a me nā mea kōkua) i ka wai, e waiho wale ana i nā molekole wai.I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe, ka wai ultrapure ʻoihana, a me ka wai ultrapure olakino.Pono ke kaomi a me ka ikehu no ka ʻenehana reverse osmosis.
ʻO RO ka pōkole o Reverse Osmosis membrane ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania.No ka mea ʻo ka nui o ka pore o ka membrane RO he ʻelima miliona o ka lauoho (0.0001 microns), ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe, a ʻo ka bacteria a me nā maʻi virus kāna 5000 No laila, ʻo nā molekele wai wale nō a me kekahi mau ion mineral e pono ai ke kino o ke kanaka. hiki ke hele, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe a me nā metala kaumaha mai ka paipu wai ʻino.
ʻO ke kumu o ka reverse osmosis:
ʻO ka mea mua, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo o "osmosis."ʻO ka Osmosis kahi hana kino.Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano wai ʻelua me nā paʻakai like ʻole, e like me ka pale semi-permeable, e ʻike ʻia ka wai ma ka ʻaoʻao me ka liʻiliʻi o ka paʻakai.Komo ka membrane i loko o ka wai me ka nui o ka paʻakai, akā ʻaʻole paʻakai ka paʻakai, no laila e hoʻohui ʻia ka paʻakai ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua a hiki i ka like.Eia naʻe, lōʻihi ka manawa e hoʻopau ai i kēia kaʻina hana, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka osmotic pressure.
ʻO ka palapala ʻāina kino osmosis hoʻohuli
Eia nō naʻe, inā e hoʻāʻo ʻoe e kau i kahi kaomi ma ka ʻaoʻao wai me ka nui o ka paʻakai, hiki i ka hopena ke kaupalena i ke komo ʻana i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei, a ʻike ʻia kēia kaomi ʻo ka osmotic pressure.Inā hoʻokiʻekiʻe ke kaomi, hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka infiltration, a paʻa ka paʻakai.ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ke kumu o ka reverse osmosis desalination ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi kaomi ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke kaomi osmotic maoli i loko o ka wai paʻakai (e like me ka wai maka), i hele ai ka osmosis i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, a ua kaomi ʻia nā mole wai i loko o ka wai maka. i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka membrane, ka hopena i ka wai maʻemaʻe, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka pahuhopu o ka wehe ʻana i nā haumia a me nā paʻakai mai ka wai.
ʻO ke kumu o ka RO reverse osmosis:
He kanaka ʻepekema ʻAmelika, ʻike ʻia ma ka ulia pōpilikia i ka makahiki 1950, ua ʻūlū nā manu i ka waha nui o ke kai mai ka ʻili o ke kai i ka lele ʻana i ke kai.Ua luaʻi lākou i ka waha liʻiliʻi o ka wai kai ma hope o kekahi mau kekona, kahi i hāpai ai i ka hopohopo no ka hanu ʻana o nā holoholona ma ka ʻāina ma ko lākou māmā.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka wai paʻakai kiʻekiʻe.Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia he ʻili lahilahi ko ke kino o ka manu.Pololei maoli ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.Hoʻomoʻa ka seagull i ka wai paʻakai, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope, a hele nā molekole wai i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma muli o ka hopena o ke kaomi.
Hoʻololi ʻia i wai hou, a kuha ʻia mai ka waha nā mea haumia a me ka paʻakai paʻa loa i loko o ka wai kai.ʻO kēia ke kumu kumu kumu kumu o ke kaʻina osmosis reverse, i hoʻohana mua ʻia i nā lako desalination ma 1953 e ke Kulanui o Florida.Ua hui pū ʻo Dr.S.Sidney Lode, he UCLA University School of Medicine, me Dr.S.Soirirajan e hoʻomaka i ka noiʻi e pili ana i nā membrane reverse osmosis i ka makahiki 2009, me ke kākoʻo ʻana o kahi papahana aupuni pekelala US, a ua hoʻolilo ma kahi o $400 miliona US kālā no kēlā me kēia. makahiki i ka noiʻi e hoʻohana ia i nā astronauts.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-31-2022