Micro-filtration (MF)
Madaidaicin tacewa yana tsakanin 0.1 da 50 microns.Micro-filtration ya haɗa da abubuwa daban-daban na tace PP, abubuwan tace carbon da aka kunna, abubuwan tace yumbu, da sauransu.Yana kawar da abubuwa masu haɗari daga ruwa, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta.Nau'in tace sau da yawa baya wankewa kuma kayan tacewa ne na lokaci ɗaya wanda dole ne a canza shi akai-akai.
① PP auduga core: kullum kawai amfani da m tacewa tare da ƙananan bukatun don cire manyan barbashi kamar laka da tsatsa a cikin ruwa.
② Carbon da ake kunnawa: Yana iya kawar da launuka daban-daban da warin da ke cikin ruwa, amma ba zai iya cire kwayoyin cutar da ke cikin ruwa ba, haka nan kuma kawar da laka da tsatsa ba su da kyau sosai.
③Kayan tace yumbu: Ƙananan madaidaicin tacewa shine kawai 0.1 micron, kuma yawan kwararar ruwa yawanci ƙananan ne, wanda ba shi da sauƙin tsaftacewa.
Ƙwaƙwalwar tacewa (UF)
Membran matattarar microporous yana da ƙimar girman girman pore na 0.001-0.02 microns da daidaitattun ƙa'idodin girman pore.Matsarar tacewa ultra-filtration tsari ne na tacewa na membrane wanda ke amfani da membrane mai tacewa tare da bambancin matsa lamba azaman ƙarfin tuƙi.Yawancin membranes na ultrafiltration an gina su ne da filayen acetate ko kayan polymer tare da halaye masu kama da juna.Ya dace da rarrabuwa da tattarawar solutes a cikin hanyoyin magancewa, kuma ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don rabuwa da dakatarwar colloidal waɗanda ke da wahalar gamawa ta amfani da wasu dabarun rabuwa, kuma wuraren aikace-aikacen sa suna ci gaba da girma.
Ƙwararren ultrafiltration na membrane dangane da bambancin matsa lamba an rarraba shi zuwa nau'i uku: tacewa na ultrafiltration membrane, tacewa microporous membrane, da kuma juyawa osmosis membrane tacewa.An bambanta su da ƙaramin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ko nauyin kwayoyin halitta wanda Layer na membrane zai iya kiyayewa.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da kewayon girman pore na membrane azaman madaidaicin ma'auni, microporous membrane (MF) yana da ƙimar girman girman pore na 0.02-10 m, ultra-filtration membrane (UF) yana da ƙimar girman girman pore na 0.001. -0.02 m, da kuma juyi osmosis membrane (RO) yana da ƙimar girman girman pore na 0.0001-0.001 m.Akwai abubuwa masu sarrafawa da yawa don pores, irin su ultra-filtration membranes tare da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, kuma za a iya haifar da rarraba girman pore bisa nau'i da kuma maida hankali na maganin, da kuma yanayin ƙaura da coagulation yayin samar da membrane.
Ultra- tace taswirar zahiri
Matakan tacewa yawanci membranes na rabuwa na polymer ne, tare da kayan polymer da ake amfani da su don membranes masu tacewa galibi sun ƙunshi abubuwan da suka samo asali na cellulose, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, da polycarbonate.Ana amfani da membranes na tacewa sosai a cikin magunguna, abinci, da masana'antar muhalli, kuma ana iya ƙirƙirar su zuwa lebur membranes, membranes na yi, tubular membranes, ko ɓangarorin fiber membranes.
Maɓallin tacewa na ultra-fitration yana ɗaya daga cikin membranes na rabuwa na polymer na farko da aka ƙirƙira, kuma an kera injunan tacewa a cikin 1960s.Ana amfani da membranes na ultrafiltration a cikin masana'antu kuma sun fito azaman sabon aikin naúrar sinadarai.Ana amfani da shi a cikin rarrabuwa, maida hankali, da tsarkakewa na samfuran halittu, samfuran magunguna, da kayan abinci, da kuma na'urorin jiyya na ƙarshe a cikin jiyya na jini, jiyya na ruwa mai datti, da shirye-shiryen ruwa mai ƙarfi.
Madaidaicin tacewa na nanofiltration (NF) yana tsakanin na ultrafiltration da na baya osmosis, kuma adadin desalination yayi ƙasa da na baya osmosis.A cikin kasuwa, an yi wata magana mai yaɗuwa: nanofiltration is sloppy reverse osmosis.A haƙiƙa, wannan ra'ayin fasaha ne na yaudara.
Taswirar jiki na nanofiltration
A cikin ainihin ra'ayi na rabuwa, nanofiltration shine membrane mai tacewa wanda ya gamsar da tasirin Daunan kuma yana da zaɓin ion ƙin yarda, membrane wanda sodium chloride permeability ya dace da ƙwayar sodium chloride kuma ya fi 0.4.Babban aikace-aikacen sa shine ɓata ruwa da tattara abubuwan shigar da ruwa iri-iri.0% NaCl kin amincewa da aka lura ta amfani da nanofiltration membranes a 30,000 ppm NaCl hade da sauran ions.
Reverse osmosis (RO): Daidaitaccen tacewa yana kusa da 0.0001 microns, kuma hanya ce ta rarrabuwar kawuna mai ɗorewa a cikin Amurka a farkon 1960s ta yin amfani da matsa lamba daban-daban.Yana iya tace kusan duk wani gurɓataccen abu (duka masu cutarwa da taimako) a cikin ruwa, yana barin ƙwayoyin ruwa kawai.A mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da shi wajen samar da ruwa mai tsafta, ruwan ultraure na masana'antu, da ruwan ultrapure na likita.Ana buƙatar matsi da kuzari don juyar da fasahar osmosis.
RO ita ce taƙaitawar membrane na Reverse Osmosis a Turanci.Tunda girman pore na RO membrane yana da miliyan biyar na gashi (0.0001 microns), gabaɗaya baya iya ganin ido, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta sune 5000 don haka, ƙwayoyin ruwa kawai da wasu ions masu ma'adinai masu amfani ga jikin ɗan adam. za su iya wucewa, kuma ana fitar da sauran ƙazanta da ƙarfe masu nauyi daga bututun ruwan sharar gida.
Ka'idar reverse osmosis:
Da farko, dole ne mu fahimci ra'ayin "osmosis."Osmosis tsari ne na jiki.Lokacin da aka raba nau'ikan ruwa guda biyu masu gishiri daban-daban, kamar ta hanyar shinge mai yuwuwa, za a sami ruwan da ke gefen mai ƙarancin gishiri ya shiga.Membran yana shiga cikin ruwa tare da babban abun ciki na gishiri, amma gishirin baya ratsawa, yana sa gishirin gishiri a bangarorin biyu ya ci gaba da haɗuwa har sai sun kasance daidai.Duk da haka, yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don kammala wannan tsari, wanda kuma aka sani da matsa lamba osmotic.
Juya osmosis taswirar zahiri
Koyaya, idan kayi ƙoƙarin sanya matsin lamba akan gefen ruwa tare da babban abun ciki na gishiri, sakamakon zai iya iyakance shigar da aka ambata a baya, kuma ana kiran wannan matsin da matsa lamba osmotic.Idan an tayar da matsa lamba, za a iya jujjuya shigar da shi, kuma gishiri zai tsaya.A sakamakon haka, ka'idar reverse osmosis desalination shine a yi amfani da matsa lamba mafi girma fiye da matsi na osmotic na halitta a cikin ruwa mai gishiri (kamar danyen ruwa), don haka osmosis ya ci gaba ta hanyar da akasin haka, kuma ana danna kwayoyin ruwa a cikin danyen ruwa. zuwa wani gefen membrane, yana haifar da ruwa mai tsabta, don cimma burin kawar da ƙazanta da gishiri daga ruwa.
Asalin RO reverse osmosis:
Wani masanin kimiyar Ba’amurke, wanda aka gano da bazata a shekara ta 1950 cewa magudanar ruwa suna tsotse bakin ruwan teku daga saman teku lokacin da suke tashi a teku.Sun yi amai da ruwan teku kadan bayan wasu dakikoki, wanda ya tayar da damuwa saboda dabbobin da ke kasa suna shakar ta huhunsu.Ba za a iya cinye ruwan gishiri mai girma ba.Bayan an watse, an gano cewa jikin magudanar ruwa yana da siriri.Fim ɗin daidai ne.Seagull yana shakar ruwan gishiri, wanda daga baya ya matsa, kuma kwayoyin ruwa suna wucewa ta cikin fim din saboda tasirin matsi.
An juya shi zuwa ruwa mai dadi, kuma abubuwan da suka gurbata da gishiri mai yawa a cikin ruwan teku suna tofawa daga baki.Wannan shi ne ainihin ƙa'idar ƙa'idar tsarin juzu'in osmosis, wanda Jami'ar Florida ta fara amfani da kayan aikin tsabtace ruwa a cikin 1953.Dr.S.Sidney Lode, farfesa a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar UCLA, ya haɗa kai da Dr.S.Soirirajan don fara bincike a kan ƙwayoyin osmosis na baya a cikin 2009, tare da tallafin wani aikin gwamnatin tarayya na Amurka, kuma sun kashe kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 400 a kowace. shekara a cikin bincike don amfani da shi ga 'yan sama jannati.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 31-2022