Ukuze siqonde igama elithi Reverse Osmosis, sidinga ukubheka emuva emlandweni we-Osmosis emkhakheni wesayensi.Inqubo ye-Osmosis, inomlando omude kodwa ngokombono wesayensi, yaqala ukutholwa ngo-1748 nguJeanAntoine Nollet.U-Nollet ukwazile ukuphindaphinda inqubo ye-osmotic esebenzisa esinyeni sengulube njengolwelwesi ukuze abonise ukuthi ama-athomu ancibilikayo asuka emanzini ane-solute ephansi angageleza odongeni lwesinye ngokuhlangana okuphezulu kwe-solute.Ukuhlolwa kwabonisa ukuthi isincibilikis singanqamula ngokukhetha ulwelwesi oluhlukaniseka kalula phakathi ngenqubo yengcindezi yemvelo ye-osmotic nokuthi isincibilikisi singena ngokuqhubekayo ngolwelwesi lweseli size sifinyelele ekulinganeni okuguquguqukayo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zeseli.
Ngemva kokutholakala kwe-osmosis, ucwaningo ngale ndaba lwanyamalala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200 kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwawo-1940, lapho abacwaningi beqala ukuphinde bacabangele le ndaba.Le ntshisekelo evuselelwe yayisekelwe esifisweni sokuthola indlela yokuhlunga noma ukukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle, umgomo owabekwa abaphathi bakwaKennedy ukusiza ukuthuthukisa izixazululo zokushoda kwamanzi ezweni.Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kamuva, abacwaningi ababili, uSidney Loeb noSrinivasa Sourirajan baphumelela ukukhiqiza ulwelwesi olusebenzayo lwe-RO olusuka ku-polymer ye-cellulose acetate.Ezivivinyweni zabo, inkimbi yamanzi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-solute yaphoqelelwa nge-membrane yezobuchwepheshe esebenza njengesihlungi esivumela kuphela ama-molecule amanzi ukuba adlule ngenkathi ixosha i-NaCl (usawoti) ne-TDS.Amanzi ahlanzekile akwazi ukudlula ngezinga elihloniphekile ukuze akhiqize amanzi ahlanzekile, aphuzwayo, futhi ulwelwesi lwaluqinile ngokuphumelelayo futhi lungasebenza ngaphansi kokucindezela kwamanzi okuvamile nezimo zokusebenza.
Imboni yokuqala yezohwebo ye-RO emhlabeni yakhiwa eCalifornia ngosizo nokuqondisa kuka-Joseph W. McCutchan kanye no-Sidney Loeb futhi ngo-1965 uhlelo lwayo lokuhlola lwadonsa ukunaka konjiniyela nohulumeni abavela emhlabeni wonke.Leli phupho elimangalisayo, lokuthi ngelinye ilanga isintu sasingakhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle ngezinga elikhulu futhi ngendlela efinyelelekayo, ekugcineni lafezeka.Inqubekelaphambili yakhula ngokushesha njengoba izinhlelo ezintsha zokuhlola zavela kwenye indawo njengeLa Jolla neFirebaugh California ukuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamanzi anosawoti namanzi olwandle.Ukuqanjwa nokutholwa kwalaba nabanye abaningi kuzokwenza ubuchwepheshe be-membrane bufaneleke futhi buthengeke futhi bunikeze izinzuzo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezimbonini eziningi ezinzima.
Namuhla, i-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye nezinto zokuhlunga kwe-membrane zisetshenziselwa izinkulungwane zezinqubo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene emhlabeni jikelele futhi le mboni kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula ngokungazelelwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.Njengoba imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile engokwemvelo iba yindlala kakhulu kanye nokuthambekela okuqhubekayo kokugwadule komhlaba, izimboni ezinkulu zokucubungula i-osmosis manje zinikeza amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile asetshenziswa amanye amadolobha ngisho namazwe amancane.Iningi labantu alikuqapheli manje, kodwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze amanzi ahlanzekile angase ngokushesha abe enye yezinsiza ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni yingakho ubuchwepheshe be-RO bungenye yezimpumelelo eziphezulu zesayensi emlandweni wesintu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-02-2021