Kuti timvetsetse mawu akuti Reverse Osmosis, tiyenera kuyang'ana mmbuyo mu mbiri ya Osmosis mu gawo la sayansi.Njira ya Osmosis, ili ndi mbiri yakale koma kuchokera ku sayansi, idapezeka koyamba mu 1748 ndi JeanAntoine Nollet.Nollet adatha kubwereza njira ya osmotic pogwiritsa ntchito chikhodzodzo cha nkhumba ngati nembanemba kusonyeza kuti mamolekyu osungunulira ochokera m'madzi otsika amatha kudutsa khoma lachikhodzodzo mopanda mphamvu kwambiri.Kuyeseraku kunawonetsa kuti chosungunulira chimatha kuwoloka nembanemba yocheperako potengera kupanikizika kwachilengedwe kwa osmotic ndikuti chosungunuliracho chimadutsa mosalekeza kudzera mu nembanemba ya cell mpaka chikafika pamlingo wokhazikika mbali zonse za selo.
Pambuyo pa kutulukira kwa osmosis, phunziro pa nkhaniyi linasowa kwa zaka zoposa 200 mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, pamene ofufuza anayamba kuganiziranso za nkhaniyi.Chidwi chotsitsimutsidwachi chinali chozikidwa pa chikhumbo chofuna kupeza njira yosefera kapena kuchotsa mchere m’madzi a m’nyanja, cholinga chimene bungwe la Kennedy linakhazikitsa kuti lithandize kukhazikitsa njira zothetsera kusowa kwa madzi m’dzikoli.Zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake, ofufuza awiri, Sidney Loeb ndi Srinivasa Sourirajan adakwanitsa kupanga nembanemba ya RO yogwira ntchito kuchokera ku polima wa cellulose acetate.M'mayesero awo, madzi ambiri okhala ndi solute wambiri amakakamizika kupyolera muzitsulo zamakono zomwe zinkakhala ngati fyuluta yomwe imalola kuti mamolekyu amadzi adutse pamene akuthamangitsa NaCl (mchere) ndi TDS.Madzi abwino adatha kudutsa pamlingo wabwino kuti apange madzi oyeretsedwa, amchere, ndipo nembanembayo inali yolimba kwambiri ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito pansi pa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
Chomera choyamba chamalonda cha RO padziko lonse lapansi chinamangidwa ku California mothandizidwa ndi chitsogozo cha Joseph W. McCutchan ndi Sidney Loeb ndipo mu 1965 pulogalamu yake yoyendetsa idakopa chidwi cha mainjiniya ndi maboma padziko lonse lapansi.Loto lodabwitsali, loti tsiku lina anthu adzatha kuchotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja pamlingo waukulu komanso mothekera, linakwaniritsidwa.Kupita patsogolo kunakula mofulumira pamene mapulogalamu atsopano oyendetsa ndege anatulukira kwina monga La Jolla ndi Firebaugh California kuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madzi amchere ndi am'nyanja.Zatsopano ndi zomwe zapezedwa za izi ndi zina zambiri zingapangitse ukadaulo wa membrane kukhala wofunikira komanso wotsika mtengo komanso umapereka phindu lamadzi oyera pamafakitale ambiri olemera.
Masiku ano, reverse osmosis ndi zinthu zosefera za membrane zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masauzande amitundu yosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi ndipo makampaniwa akuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula mosalekeza posachedwapa.Popeza kuti magwero a madzi aukhondo akusoŵa kwambiri ndiponso mmene dziko likukhalira chipululu, malo akuluakulu opangira madzi osmosis tsopano akupereka madzi aukhondo ambiri amene mizinda ina ngakhalenso mayiko ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsa ntchito.Anthu ambiri sakuzindikira tsopano, koma posachedwapa madzi oyera akhoza posachedwapa kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lapansi chifukwa chake luso la RO ndilodi limodzi mwazopambana za sayansi m'mbiri ya anthu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-02-2021